Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming in Python 🐍📚

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects". Objects are instances of classes, which can contain data and code, and are used to structure programs in such a way that properties and behaviors are encapsulated in individual objects.

In this tutorial, we'll explore the basic principles of object-oriented programming and how you can apply them in Python.

Classes and Objects

In Python, we define a class using the class keyword. A class is like a template for creating objects. Here's an example:

``python class Person: def init(self, name, age): self.name = name self.age = age

person1 = Person("John", 30)

print(person1.name) # John print(person1.age) # 30

## Inheritance

Inheritance is a key concept in OOP. It allows new classes to inherit properties and methods from existing classes. Here's an example of how inheritance works in Python:

```python
class Person:
     def __init__(self, name, age):
         self.name = name
         self.age = age

class Employee(Person):
     def __init__(self, name, age, position):
         super().__init__(name, age)
         self.position = position

employee1 = Employee("Maria", 25, "Software Engineer")

print(employee1.name) # Maria
print(employee1.age) # 25
print(employee1.position) # Software Engineer

Polymorphism

Polymorphism is the principle that allows methods with the same name, but different behaviors, to be used for objects of different classes. Here's an example:

class Animal:    def talk(self):        passclass Dog(Animal):    def speak(self):        return "Ow Ow!"class Cat(Animal):    def speak(self):        return "Meow!"animal1 = Dog()animal2 = Cat()print(animal1.speak()) # Au Au!print(animal2.speak()) # Meow!

Conclusion

Object-oriented programming can help make code more flexible, modular and easier to understand and maintain. This tutorial has covered the basics, but there is much more to learn about OOP. I hope this guide helps you start your journey into object-oriented programming in Python!

Now that you've learned about object-oriented programming, let's check out the article on Unraveling Functional Programming in JavaScript!

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